Customer login

We will e-mail you a sign-in link and a 6-digit code. No password needed.

Villa Fatima

Valtura holiday home with pool

Suits groups with a dog: 4 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, pool.

HR01126-102 • Holiday home • 250 m² • Detached house • Near the coast, Close to nature, Quiet

  • Max. guests 8 + 2 extra beds
  • Bedrooms 4
  • Bathrooms 4
  • Pets Pets allowed
  • Pool

One visitor saved this

Overview

A Mediterranean holiday home with pool, garden, fitness room and sauna in Valtura, on the south-east coast of the Istrian peninsula. The holiday home has 4 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms in total and offers space for 8 (+2) people. The beach is approx. 23 km away.

This holiday home is located on the edge of the small village of Valtura, on the south-east coast of the Istrian peninsula. The holiday home is surrounded by unspoiled nature and features a large garden. Here you can enjoy the days by the pool, but also get active in your own fitness room or sauna.

Amenities

Indoor

  • GeneralLiving space: 250 m²Year built: 2006Number of floors: 2Air conditioners: 5

    Heating, Internet, Air conditioning, Non-smoking, Safe

  • Bedroom 1

    Double bed (160 x 200 cm), Access to terrace, Double room

  • Bedroom 2

    Double bed (160 x 200 cm), Double room

  • Bedroom 3

    Double bed (160 x 200 cm), Parquet floor, Extra bed (1), Double room

  • Bedroom 4

    Single bed (90 x 200 cm), Two single beds, Extra bed (1), Double room (separate beds)

  • Bathroom 1 Bad

    Shower, Toilet

  • Bathroom 2 Bad

    Shower, Toilet

  • Bathroom 3 Bad

    Shower, Toilet

  • Bathroom 4 Bad

    Shower, Toilet

  • Living room

    Balcony (covered), CD player, DVD player, Tiles, Separate living and dining area, Fireplace, Air conditioning, Satellite TV, Armchair, Sofa, Terrace, Access to terrace

  • KitchenFreezer compartment: 20 l

    Oven, Tea towels, Fridge, Coffee machine, Hob, Microwave, Dishwasher, Freezer

  • Leisure

    Sauna

  • Baby equipment

    Baby cot (on request)

  • Other

    Iron and ironing board, Owner lives on the property, Washing machine

Outdoor

  • GeneralPlot size: 2000 m²
  • GardenTerrace: 50 m²

    Garden furniture, Garden terrace (covered), Barbecue fireplace, Lawn, Outdoor kitchen, Sun loungers, Parasol, Sun terrace

  • PoolSize: 6 x 4 mDepth: 1.40 m

    Outdoor shower, Pool, Pool with hydromassage

  • OtherParking spaces: 4

    Parking space, Enclosed plot, Plot enclosed by a hedge, Plot enclosed by a stone wall

Availability & prices

November 2026
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
30
December 2026
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
28293031
January 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
February 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
March 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031
April 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
May 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
June 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
July 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
August 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
September 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
October 2027
MoTuWeThFrSaSu
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031

Highlighted: changeover day available booked

Availability last synchronised with the owner: today, 20:25

Additional costs

Registration:
5,– € per person · payable when booking
Pet:
10,– € per pet per day · payable when booking
Deposit:
500,– € per booking · payable on site
Final cleaning:
included in the price
Bettwäsche:
included in the price
Handtücher:
included in the price
Energie:
included in the price

Costs with an amount are added to the rental price.

Location & surroundings

About Valtura

Valtura is a quiet village in southern Istria, about 16 minutes by car from Pula and around 19 from Medulin. The coast and its bays are just a few kilometres east of the village.

More about Valtura

Ideal for

About Istria

Istria is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic and the region where you will find most of our holiday homes. More than half have a pool. There are also villas with a heated pool for spring and autumn, and large houses with room for families and groups.

More about Istria

Nearby

Beach & town

Beach
Uvala Kavran (opens in a new tab) by car 23 km · 44 min by bike 7,0 km · 51 min
Village centre
Valtura (opens in a new tab) on foot 940 m · 13 min
Cash machine
Pavičiniapprox. 3,7 km as the crow flies

Shopping

Supermarket
Konzum by car 19 km · 29 min by bike 5,7 km · 35 min
Groceries
Valturaapprox. 800 m as the crow flies
Bakery
Pekara segotičiapprox. 4,0 km as the crow flies

Food & drink

Restaurant
Konoba Staricokapprox. 840 m as the crow flies
Café
Pulair Cafeapprox. 3,5 km as the crow flies

Health

Pharmacy
Marčanaapprox. 5,1 km as the crow flies
Doctor
Istarski domovi zdravlja - pedijatrijske ambulanteapprox. 10 km as the crow flies
Hospital
Opća bolnica Pulaapprox. 9,8 km as the crow flies

Getting around

Bus stop
Muntićapprox. 2,1 km as the crow flies
Petrol station
Plinara Marčanaapprox. 5,6 km as the crow flies
EV charging
Lidlapprox. 8,5 km as the crow flies
Airport
Zračna luka Pulaapprox. 3,7 km as the crow flies

Cycling

Bike rental
Rent a Bike Krnicaapprox. 8,1 km as the crow flies
Bike repair
BRB Sportapprox. 7,1 km as the crow flies
Cycle route
333 Ližnjan (opens in a new tab)approx. 50 m as the crow flies
Cycle route
332 Nezakcij (Muntić - Valtura) (opens in a new tab)approx. 50 m as the crow flies
Cycle route
EuroVelo 8 - Mediterranean Route - part Croatiaapprox. 1,4 km as the crow flies

Culture & history

Castle, fort, ruin
Kapitolium (opens in a new tab) by car 820 m · 3 min
Museum, gallery
Nezakcij (opens in a new tab) by car 820 m · 3 min
Archaeological site
Arena Pula (opens in a new tab) by car 12 km · 18 min
Church, monastery
Franjevački samostan Sv. Antuna (opens in a new tab) by car 12 km · 18 min
City gate, city wall
Dvojna vrata (opens in a new tab) by car 12 km · 18 min

Food & wine

Konoba
Konoba Staricok (opens in a new tab) by car 1,0 km · 2 min

Family

Theme park
Family park (opens in a new tab) by car 14 km · 24 min
Adventure park
Jangalooz Adventure Park (opens in a new tab) by car 17 km · 25 min
Water park
Aquapark Wibit Šćuza (opens in a new tab) by car 19 km · 27 min
Zoo, aquarium
Aquarium Pula (opens in a new tab) by car 16 km · 25 min

Active & water sports

Dive centre
Krnicadive (opens in a new tab)approx. 7,4 km as the crow flies
Boat trip
Bootsausflüge ab Pula (opens in a new tab) by car 12 km · 18 min
Boat and kayak hire
Sport centar Ližnjan | pulsevents.hr (opens in a new tab) by car 13 km · 21 min

Places nearby: Muntić (opens in a new tab) approx. 2,0 km as the crow flies · Kavran (opens in a new tab) approx. 2,6 km as the crow flies · Pavićini (opens in a new tab) approx. 3,4 km as the crow flies · Veliki Vareški approx. 3,9 km as the crow flies

Distances and times on foot, by car and by bike along paths and roads (FOSSGIS routing); as the crow flies where no route is calculated. Cycle routes and bus lines without timetables · data © OpenStreetMap contributors

Places to visit nearby

Castle, fort, ruin

Kapitolium

by car 820 m · 3 min

Castle, fort, ruin

Tabernae

by car 820 m · 3 min

Reservoir

Bakranjuša

by car 7,6 km · 24 min

Bakranjuša is an artificially created reservoir in Istria, near Jadreški in the municipality of Ližnjan. The lake covers an area of about 117,000 square metres and holds around 650,000 cubic metres of water.

Cave

Šandalja

by car 9,0 km · 18 min

Šandalja is a system of caves and underground chambers near Pula in Istria, named after the quarry where it was discovered during work in 1961. It is an important archaeological and palaeontological site. Šandalja I yielded a simple stone tool estimated at about 800,000 years old, considered the oldest man-made object in Croatia.

Cave

Rudist

by car 20 km · 41 min

Culture nearby

Photo: Jeroen Komen from Utrecht, Netherlands · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Roman amphitheatre, archaeological site

Pula Amphitheatre

by car 12 km · 18 min

The Arena Pula is a Roman amphitheatre in the city of Pula in Istria and is one of the best-preserved from antiquity. Its facade of white limestone remains largely in its original state, with two rows of arches and an upper storey with window niches.

Photo: Thomas Pusch · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Sculpture

Borcima narodnooslobodilačke borbe i žrtvama fašizma 1941-1945

by car 12 km · 18 min

The monument to the fighters of the People's Liberation Struggle and the victims of fascism is a sculpture group by the sculptor Vanja Radauš in Titov park, directly on the waterfront promenade in Pula. On the sea side, in front of a stone wall, it shows two groups of naked, dying men; on the back of the white stone wall stands a female figure as a mother holding an apple in her hand.

Photo: Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

City gate

Roman Twin gates

by car 12 km · 18 min

Dvojna vrata, also called Porta Gemina, is a 2nd-century Roman town gate in Pula. Its two arches give it the name “Double Gate”.

Photo: Orlovic · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Roman theatre

Malo rimsko kazalište

by car 13 km · 20 min

The Small Roman Theatre is located in Pula on the eastern flank of the town hill, below the old castrum. It probably dates from the 1st century and used the slope for its tiers of seats.

Food & wine nearby

Olive oil

Skabe Estate – Organic Olive Oil from Istria

1,9 km as the crow flies

Skabe Estate is an olive oil producer in Muntić in Istria that also runs a farmhouse offering accommodation. Here, certified organic extra virgin olive oil is produced from the Istrian Buža variety, made exclusively from olives grown on the estate itself.

Family days out nearby

Adventure park

Jangalooz Adventure Park

by car 17 km · 25 min

Jangalooz Adventure Park is an adventure and climbing park near Pomer in Istria. On multi-level obstacle courses you can climb, balance across suspension bridges and rope elements, and use zip lines.

Zoo, aquarium

Aquarium Pula Mediterranean Exhibition (2nd Building)

by car 16 km · 26 min

Aquarium Pula is the largest aquarium in Croatia and is located in Pula, in the Austro-Hungarian fortifications of Fort Verudela and the San Giovanni Battery. The Mediterranean section is housed in Fort Verudela, and exotic sections are found in the San Giovanni Battery.

Water sports nearby

Boat trip

Boat trips from Pula

by car 12 km · 18 min

Boat trips depart from the riva in Pula in Istria, including dolphin trips and day trips to Rovinj. They also stop at the Lim Fjord and the island of Crveni otok.

Windsurf and kite spot

Kuje Bay surf spot (Ližnjan)

by car 13 km · 21 min

The Kuje bay near Ližnjan in Istria is a windsurfing and kitesurfing spot with an enclosed bay and deep sandy bottom; the entry point is on the north shore. The bura blows strongly and steadily here, and behind a rocky headland you will find flat water for freestyle.

Boat trip

Boat trips from Medulin

by car 13 km · 22 min

The half-day boat trips start at the riva in Medulin and lead through the Medulin archipelago. After about an hour's sailing, the boat reaches Cape Kamenjak, the southernmost point of Istria, with its high cliffs and underwater caves; the Golumbera cave can be visited by swimming, accompanied by the crew.

Windsurf spot

Medulin – Bijeca windsurf spot

by car 14 km · 24 min

Shallow bay off Medulin, access to the south towards Cape Kašteja; the shallows suit beginners. Jugo brings only moderate waves, Bora blows offshore and gusty.

Cycle routes nearby

Cycle route · local

333 Ližnjan

50 m from the house (as the crow flies) · 45.9 km · ↑ 508 m

Cycle route · international

EV8 · EuroVelo 8 - Mediterranean Route - part Croatia

1,4 km from the house (as the crow flies)

Best time to travel

For swimming: July to August (sea from 22 °C). Calm sea for children: July to August (waves mostly under half a metre). For hiking and cycling: May to June. For sailing and surfing: September (often wind of force 4 or more).

0°10°20°30°0 h7 h14 hJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
  • Hours of sunshine per day
  • Daytime high
  • Sea
Values per month
MonthAir (day/night)SeaSunshine per dayRainy daysDays over 30 °CCalm seaWindy days (force 4+)
January8 / 5 °C11 °C6,1 h12047 %16
February9 / 6 °C10 °C7,6 h11049 %15
March12 / 8 °C11 °C9,5 h11052 %15
April15 / 11 °C13 °C10,9 h11063 %12
May19 / 15 °C17 °C12,4 h11073 %11
June24 / 19 °C21 °C13,1 h8082 %7
July26 / 22 °C24 °C13,5 h7182 %9
August26 / 22 °C24 °C12,5 h8281 %8
September22 / 18 °C22 °C10,4 h11063 %12
October18 / 14 °C19 °C8,5 h14056 %14
November13 / 10 °C16 °C6,4 h15039 %17
December10 / 7 °C13 °C5,8 h13049 %16

Average 1995–2024. Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service, ERA5.

Questions about the house

How far is the beach?

Uvala Kavran is about 44 minutes away by car.

Does the house have a pool?

Yes: Private pool, Pool with hydromassage.

What beds are there?

4 bedrooms with 3 double beds, 2 single beds.

Is there air conditioning?

Yes, the house has air conditioning.

Is there Wi-Fi?

Yes, internet is available.

Can I park at the house?

Yes: Parking space.

Are pets allowed?

Pets allowed.

How long is the drive to Valtura?

By car, without breaks: Graz 400 km, about 4 h 40 min; Salzburg 480 km, about 5 h 30 min; Wien 580 km, about 6 h 30 min; München 610 km, about 6 h 50 min; Innsbruck 470 km, about 6 h 50 min; Linz 610 km, about 7 h; Nürnberg 780 km, about 8 h 20 min

Roads and driving times based on data from © OpenStreetMap · Improve the map

What should I know when driving to Valtura?

Through Austria and Slovenia you need a vignette in both countries (in Slovenia digital only); some Austrian tunnels charge an extra toll, such as the Tauern and Karawanken tunnels. In Croatia you pay the motorway toll per section at the toll booth, in cash or by card. Croatia has been part of the Schengen area since 2023 and uses the euro.

Which is the nearest airport for Valtura?

By plane: Pula (PUY) 4 km, about 8 min; Rijeka (RJK) 133 km, about 1 h 50 min; Triest (TRS) 166 km, about 2 h 20 min — continue from the airport by rental car.

Can I take a ferry from Valtura to Venedig?

Yes, in season passenger catamarans (no cars) run from Pula, Rovinj, Poreč and Umag to Venedig. The nearest port: Pula 11 km, about 17 min; days and timetables change every year.

Good to know

Notes for guests:
Please bring your own beach towels
Air conditioning included
Heating included
Bed linen changed weekly
Towels per person per week
Final cleaning included
Electricity/gas/water included (normal use)
Cancellation:
up to 42 days before arrival: 30 %
41–28 days before arrival: 60 %
27–1 days before arrival: 90 %
on the day of arrival and for no-shows: 100 %
plus handling fee of 30,– €
Substitute traveller: 10 % of the travel price

Travel conditions

Similar holiday homes

Villa Altura
Villa Altura
Villa Altura
Villa Altura
Villa Altura
Villa Altura
Villa Altura
Villa Altura

One visitor saved this

One visitor is comparing this

Villa Altura

Countryside house Valtura with pool & landscape view

Suits families: 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, pool.

HR01126-100 • Holiday home, Country house • 150 m² • Terraced house (end of terrace) • Village, Rural, Quiet

  • 6 + 2 Max. guests
  • 3 Bedrooms
  • 2 Bathrooms
  • 22 km Beach: Uvala Kavran · by car 22 km · 43 min
  • 450 m Village centre: Valtura · by car 450 m · 1 min
  • 40 m Cycle route · approx. 40 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Washing machine
  • Parking
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure
  • Child-friendly

July/August 2027: 1 week from 1.960,– €

from 188,– € per night

Details & Book
Villa Nicole
Villa Nicole
Villa Nicole
Villa Nicole
Villa Nicole
Villa Nicole

Villa Nicole

Holiday home Muntić with pool

Suits groups: 5 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, pool.

HR01008-100 • Holiday home, Country house • 220 m² • Detached house • Close to nature, Quiet, Residential area

  • 10 Max. guests
  • 5 Bedrooms
  • 3 Bathrooms
  • 20 km Beach: Uvala Kavran · by car 20 km · 40 min
  • 370 m Village centre: Muntić · on foot 370 m · 5 min
  • 210 m Cycle route · approx. 210 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Washing machine
  • Parking
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure
  • Child-friendly

Price on request

Details & Book
Braidizza
Braidizza
Braidizza
Braidizza
Braidizza
Braidizza
Braidizza
Braidizza

Braidizza

Kavran Country House with Pool

Suits families: 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, pool, 2.1 km to the beach.

HR01020-103 • Holiday home, Country house • 220 m² • Detached house • Lively, Close to nature, Quiet

  • 8 Max. guests
  • 3 Bedrooms
  • 2 Bathrooms
  • 2,1 km Beach · by car 2,1 km · 12 min
  • 250 m Village centre: Kavran · on foot 250 m · 3 min
  • 30 m Cycle route · approx. 30 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Washing machine
  • Parking
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure

Price on request

Details & Book
Lavinia
Lavinia
Lavinia
Lavinia
Lavinia
Lavinia
Lavinia
Lavinia

Lavinia

Holiday house Kavran with pool

Suits groups: 4 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, pool, 2.1 km to the beach.

HR01020-104 • Holiday home • 250 m² • Detached house • Rural, Close to nature, Quiet

  • 10 Max. guests
  • 4 Bedrooms
  • 4 Bathrooms
  • 2,1 km Beach · by car 2,1 km · 12 min
  • 260 m Village centre: Kavran · by car 260 m · 1 min
  • 60 m Cycle route · approx. 60 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Washing machine
  • Parking
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure

Price on request

Details & Book
Arbora
Arbora
Arbora
Arbora
Arbora
Arbora
Arbora
Arbora

Arbora

Country House Kavran with Pool & Landscape View

Suits groups: 4 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, pool, 2.3 km to the beach.

HR01020-101 • Holiday home, Country house • 230 m² • Detached house • Rural, Close to nature, Quiet

  • 10 Max. guests
  • 4 Bedrooms
  • 4 Bathrooms
  • 2,3 km Beach · by car 2,3 km · 13 min
  • 280 m Village centre: Kavran · on foot 280 m · 4 min
  • 110 m Cycle route · approx. 110 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Washing machine
  • Parking
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure
  • Child-friendly

Price on request

Details & Book
Casa Ginetto
Casa Ginetto
Casa Ginetto
Casa Ginetto
Casa Ginetto
Casa Ginetto
Casa Ginetto
Casa Ginetto

Casa Ginetto

Holiday villa with pool in Ližnjan

Suits two families: 4 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, pool.

HR01003-143 • Holiday home • 302 m² • Detached house

  • 8 Max. guests
  • 4 Bedrooms
  • 4 Bathrooms
  • 6,5 km Beach · by car 6,5 km · 16 min
  • 3,3 km Village centre: Valtura · by car 3,3 km · 7 min
  • 320 m Cycle route · approx. 320 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Washing machine
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure

from 1.333,– € per night

Details & Book
Villa Magica
Villa Magica
Villa Magica
Villa Magica
Villa Magica
Villa Magica
Villa Magica
Villa Magica

Villa Magica

Holiday villa Barban with pool

Suits two families: 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, pool.

HR01101-102 • Holiday home • 174 m² • Detached house

  • 8 Max. guests
  • 4 Bedrooms
  • 3 Bathrooms
  • 17 km Beach: Uvala Kavran · by car 17 km · 34 min
  • 1,6 km Village centre: Loborika · by car 1,6 km · 3 min
  • 1,4 km Cycle route · approx. 1,4 km as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure
  • Child-friendly

July/August 2027: 1 week from 2.800,– €

from 268,– € per night

Details & Book
Villa Viola (Šegotići)
Villa Viola (Šegotići)
Villa Viola (Šegotići)
Villa Viola (Šegotići)
Villa Viola (Šegotići)
Villa Viola (Šegotići)
Villa Viola (Šegotići)
Villa Viola (Šegotići)

Villa Viola (Šegotići)

Holiday home Šegotići with pool

Suits groups with a dog: 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, pool.

HR01110-103 • Holiday home • 120 m² • Semi-detached house • Rural, Close to nature, Quiet

  • 8 + 2 Max. guests
  • 4 Bedrooms
  • 2 Bathrooms
  • 5,2 km Beach: Duga Uvala · by car 5,2 km · 11 min
  • 320 m Village centre: Šegotići · by car 320 m · 1 min
  • 60 m Cycle route · approx. 60 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Parking
  • Barbecue

July/August 2027: 1 week from 1.498,– €

from 188,– € per night

Details & Book
Villa Amorea
Villa Amorea
Villa Amorea
Villa Amorea
Villa Amorea
Villa Amorea
Villa Amorea
Villa Amorea

Villa Amorea

Holiday home Šegotići with pool

Suits two families with a dog: 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, pool.

HR01140-100 • Holiday home • 150 m² • Detached house • Near the coast, Rural, Quiet

  • 8 Max. guests
  • 4 Bedrooms
  • 3 Bathrooms
  • 5,3 km Beach: Duga Uvala · by car 5,3 km · 11 min
  • 360 m Village centre: Šegotići · on foot 360 m · 5 min
  • 140 m Cycle route · approx. 140 m as the crow flies
  • Pool
  • Air conditioning
  • Wi-Fi
  • Washing machine
  • Parking
  • Barbecue
  • Games & leisure

Price on request

Details & Book

Show all similar holiday homes

Book with confidence

FSM Ferienhaus

Book with ease

You book directly with us. We coordinate your booking with the landlord and confirm it to you – only then do you pay, conveniently by bank transfer using a QR code. In your customer account, you can check at any time how far your booking has progressed.

Travel with confidence

FSM Ferienhaus

Travel with ease

You will find your voucher and the guidebook for your house in your customer account, including on your phone while you are on the road. And if you have any questions before or during your trip, we are here for you.

Relax with peace of mind

FSM Ferienhaus

Unwind and recharge

Since 2005, we have been arranging holiday homes in Croatia and carefully selecting every property. For each house, we show beaches, sights and cycling routes nearby – with actual routes rather than straight-line distances.